Writing

http://a4esl.org/q/h/9807/km-doubles.html

·       phonetic--spell words the way they sound

·       semantic--spell words alike that share the same meaning

·       etymological--spell words to reflect their origin (p. 109).

·         The silent e rule and the consonant doubling rule are procedural rules, “rules that involve changes in spelling when adding a suffix to a root word” (p.120).

·         The silent e rule can be taught by:

·         1. “Help students visualize complex words as being made up of a root and a prefix or suffix” (p.120).

·         2. Have student collect examples of silent e words.

·         3. Question students why some words have a silent e.

·         The consonant doubling rule can be taught by:

·         1. Pair students together to discuss a list of words and why you double a final consonant before adding a suffix.

·         2. Tell students “final consonants are never double before a suffix that starts with a consonant” (p.125).

Writing System	Advantage	Disadvantage
Pictographic/Ideographic – “writing consisting of pictures or symbols that represent ideas” (99).	“Writers can communicate ideas directly to people who speak different languages or different dialect of a language” (99).	“A writer has to learn a great number of different symbols, on for each idea” (100).
Alphabetic – “uses letters to represent the sounds of words that, in turn, represent things or ideas” (100).	“Writers have to only learn a small number of letters, and they can combine these letters in different ways to produce any word they want to write” (100)	“It can be understood only by a reader who speaks that language” (100).

·         Freeman & Freeman, 2004

Force	Demand	Example
phonetic	Spell words the way they sound	sit
semantic	Spell words alike that share the same meaning	hymn hymnal
etymological	Spell words to reflect their origins	One (Old English) kangaroo (Australian)